March 30, 2017

1741: The Year Russia Discovered America


1741: The Year Russia Discovered America

A seafaring Russian first glimpsed the shores of Alaska on June 4, 1761 – 355 years ago today. Its first settlement was established on August 14, 1784, but the Russian colony in Alaska lasted a mere 83 years – then it was sold to the United States as “something useless.”

“Captain Bering discovered our wild shore…” goes a Russian children’s song by Yuly Kim. The same could be said of Russian Alaska: in July 1741 navigator Vitus Bering sighted what would later become known as Russian America. The sighting proved fatal: Bering didn’t get very far and died in December of the same year.

But, unlike for Bering, for Russia this new land was to become a windfall – a lucrative new fur-trapping ground. Think Siberia’s big? Think again. Apparently, by the eighteenth century the Russian fur trappers had already depleted Siberia's fur animal populations and were itching for more. Within two years after Bering’s voyage, trade with the Alaskan natives had begun. For a while. the trade was conducted from the sea, until Grigory Shelikhov founded the first permanent settlement on Kodiak Island, later to be expanded into a large network of trading posts.

The Russian settlements, compared to the British colonies, were never particularly numerous or populous, but they had similar trouble with the natives. When Shelikhov landed on Kodiak Island, the locals tried to defend themselves against this apparent invasion, but earned themselves only massacres and devastating disease. European powers, too, were eyeing Russian claims nervously: the southernmost outpost at Fort Ross was uncomfortably close to Spanish California, while to the east Russia competed economically and politically with the British Empire’s Canada.

If it only took Russian trappers two centuries to deplete Siberia, Russian America didn’t stand much of a chance, especially with competition from the British Hudson’s Bay Company, also after the area’s furs. Sure thing, by the middle of the nineteenth century the fur animals (sea otters) were in decline, and the colony became even less profitable than it had ever been. Enter the Alaska Purchase, in which Russia sold Alaska to the United States for the oft-repeated price of 2 cents an acre.

Some on the American side were pretty excited about the territory – it was a great place to hunt seals, which the Russians had left alone. But since oil and national parks were not yet a consideration, and gold wasn’t discovered until three decades later, many people disapproved of the deal, calling it Seward’s Folly (after Secretary of State and primary negotiator William H. Seward). But who was the most upset about the sale? The native peoples of Alaska. They pointed out that the land never belonged to Russia in the first place, so how could Russia sell it? (Said the car thief to the cop, "I didn't steal the car, I discovered it!")

Check to pay for the Alaska Purchase

After the transfer of territory on October 18, 1867, most Russian settlers returned to the mainland, on a special ship provided by the Russian-American Company (the Russian America equivalent to the East India Trading Co.) But not everyone left, and some even kept speaking their own Russian dialect. Not much is left of the Russian presence in Alaska, but even now Alaska Day – the anniversary of the transfer – is observed as a minor state holiday.

Captain Bering's "discovery" of Alaska gets no such celebration. But from the moment of his sighting to Alaskan politicians' claims they can stare across the water at Russia, there's no denying the important historical link between cultures provided by the state known as "The Last Frontier." 

See these articles in Russian Life (print edition) about Russian America:

 

Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons

You Might Also Like

Sarah Palin's Secret Past Revealed!
  • September 04, 2008

Sarah Palin's Secret Past Revealed!

Many have scoffed at Cindy McCain's defense of Alaska Governor (and GOP Veep candidate) Sarah Palin's foreign policy chops with the assertion that "Alaska is the closest part of our continent to Russia." Scoff not. The truth is so more startling still.
Like this post? Get a weekly email digest + member-only deals
[INVALID]
[INVALID]

Some of our Books

Woe From Wit (bilingual)
June 20, 2017

Woe From Wit (bilingual)

One of the most famous works of Russian literature, the four-act comedy in verse Woe from Wit skewers staid, nineteenth century Russian society, and it positively teems with “winged phrases” that are essential colloquialisms for students of Russian and Russian culture.

Faith & Humor
December 01, 2011

Faith & Humor

A book that dares to explore the humanity of priests and pilgrims, saints and sinners, Faith & Humor has been both a runaway bestseller in Russia and the focus of heated controversy – as often happens when a thoughtful writer takes on sacred cows. The stories, aphorisms, anecdotes, dialogues and adventures in this volume comprise an encyclopedia of modern Russian Orthodoxy, and thereby of Russian life.

Moscow and Muscovites
November 26, 2013

Moscow and Muscovites

Vladimir Gilyarovsky's classic portrait of the Russian capital is one of Russians’ most beloved books. Yet it has never before been translated into English. Until now! It is a spectactular verbal pastiche: conversation, from gutter gibberish to the drawing room; oratory, from illiterates to aristocrats; prose, from boilerplate to Tolstoy; poetry, from earthy humor to Pushkin. 

Bears in the Caviar
May 01, 2015

Bears in the Caviar

Bears in the Caviar is a hilarious and insightful memoir by a diplomat who was “present at the creation” of US-Soviet relations. Charles Thayer headed off to Russia in 1933, calculating that if he could just learn Russian and be on the spot when the US and USSR established relations, he could make himself indispensable and start a career in the foreign service. Remarkably, he pulled it of.

The Moscow Eccentric
December 01, 2016

The Moscow Eccentric

Advance reviewers are calling this new translation "a coup" and "a remarkable achievement." This rediscovered gem of a novel by one of Russia's finest writers explores some of the thorniest issues of the early twentieth century.

White Magic
June 01, 2021

White Magic

The thirteen tales in this volume – all written by Russian émigrés, writers who fled their native country in the early twentieth century – contain a fair dose of magic and mysticism, of terror and the supernatural. There are Petersburg revenants, grief-stricken avengers, Lithuanian vampires, flying skeletons, murders and duels, and even a ghostly Edgar Allen Poe.

Fish
February 01, 2010

Fish

This mesmerizing novel from one of Russia’s most important modern authors traces the life journey of a selfless Russian everywoman. In the wake of the Soviet breakup, inexorable forces drag Vera across the breadth of the Russian empire. Facing a relentless onslaught of human and social trials, she swims against the current of life, countering adversity and pain with compassion and hope, in many ways personifying Mother Russia’s torment and resilience amid the Soviet disintegration.

A Taste of Russia
November 01, 2012

A Taste of Russia

The definitive modern cookbook on Russian cuisine has been totally updated and redesigned in a 30th Anniversary Edition. Layering superbly researched recipes with informative essays on the dishes' rich historical and cultural context, A Taste of Russia includes over 200 recipes on everything from borshch to blini, from Salmon Coulibiac to Beef Stew with Rum, from Marinated Mushrooms to Walnut-honey Filled Pies. A Taste of Russia shows off the best that Russian cooking has to offer. Full of great quotes from Russian literature about Russian food and designed in a convenient wide format that stays open during use.

Fearful Majesty
July 01, 2014

Fearful Majesty

This acclaimed biography of one of Russia’s most important and tyrannical rulers is not only a rich, readable biography, it is also surprisingly timely, revealing how many of the issues Russia faces today have their roots in Ivan’s reign.

Stargorod: A Novel in Many Voices
May 01, 2013

Stargorod: A Novel in Many Voices

Stargorod is a mid-sized provincial city that exists only in Russian metaphorical space. It has its roots in Gogol, and Ilf and Petrov, and is a place far from Moscow, but close to Russian hearts. It is a place of mystery and normality, of provincial innocence and Black Earth wisdom. Strange, inexplicable things happen in Stargorod. So do good things. And bad things. A lot like life everywhere, one might say. Only with a heavy dose of vodka, longing and mystery.

About Us

Russian Life is a publication of a 30-year-young, award-winning publishing house that creates a bimonthly magazine, books, maps, and other products for Russophiles the world over.

Latest Posts

Our Contacts

Russian Life
73 Main Street, Suite 402
Montpelier VT 05602

802-223-4955